![]() Amdt14.S1.5.3.5 General Approach to Gender Classifications.Amdt14.S1.5.3.4 Doctrine on Gender Classifications During the 1970s.Amdt14.S1.5.3.3 Doctrine on Gender Classifications from 1870s to 1960s.Amdt14.S1.5.3.2 Alienage Classification.Amdt14.S1.5.3 Non-Race Based Classifications.Amdt14.S1.5.2.6 Racial Vote Dilution and Racial Gerrymandering.Amdt14.S1.5.2.5 Inequalities Within a State and Vote Dilution.Amdt14.S1.5.2.4 Equality Standard and Vote Dilution.Amdt14.S1.5.2.3 Partisan Gerrymandering.Amdt14.S1.5.2.1 Voting Rights Generally.Amdt14.S1.5.1.9 Facially Neutral Laws Implicating a Racial Minority.Amdt14.S1.5.1.8.2 Current Doctrine on Appropriate Scrutiny.Amdt14.S1.5.1.8.1 Early Doctrine on Appropriate Scrutiny.Amdt14.S1.5.1.8 Facially Non-Neutral Laws that Benefit Racial Minorities.Amdt14.S1.5.1.7.5 Segregation in Private Businesses.Amdt14.S1.5.1.7.4 Segregation in Public Facilities.Amdt14.S1.5.1.7.3 Segregation in Transportation.Amdt14.S1.5.1.7.2 Segregation in Housing.Amdt14.S1.5.1.7.1 Overview of Segregation in Other Contexts.Amdt14.S1.5.1.7 Segregation in Other Contexts.Amdt14.S1.5.1.6.3.3 Remaining Vestiges of Unconstitutional Racial Segregation.Amdt14.S1.5.1.6.3.2 The Scope of Remedial Desegregation Orders and Ending Court Supervision.Amdt14.S1.5.1.6.3.1 Implementing School Desegregation.Amdt14.S1.5.1.6.3 Court Orders and Methods of Desegregation.Amdt14.S1.5.1.6 Racial Segregation in Education.Amdt14.S1.5.1.4 Political Process Doctrine.Amdt14.S1.5.1.3 Facially Non-Neutral Laws.Amdt14.S1.5.1.2 Equal Protection: General Background and Rational Basis Review.Amdt14.S1.5.1 Race-Based Classifications.Jackson Women's Health Organization and Post-Dobbs Doctrine Amdt14.S1.4.2 Restrictions on Abortion Funding.Amdt14.S1.4.1 Background and Early Doctrine on Abortion.Amdt14.S1.2 Privileges or Immunities Clause.No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. ![]() The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.
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